The Korean War was a conflict between North and South Korea that began early in 1940s with major hostilities beginning in June 1950 and ending in July 1953. The causes of the conflict were diverse but notably the attempted reunification of the North and South Korea bringing in the conflicting interest of the allied forces and the communism block of china and the Soviet Union. Another leading cause of the conflict was an electoral dispute regarding the two sides as well as a border conflict at the 38th Parallel.  In  the early morning of Sunday, June 25th 1950,  North Korea attacked the Southern army  crossing the 38th parallel with  firestorm  of artillery  behind with claims that South Korean army had under the leadership of Syngman Rhee had already crossed the border.

In a few hours time, the United Nations Security Council was convened passing resolution UNSC Resolution 82 which condemning the military action of North Korea.

On June 27 1950, United States president Truman issued a statement calling for air and se support to South Korea. At the same time, the UN passed a Resolution 83 which recommend military assistance to the Republic of South Korea. Few days after the onslaught of the attack South Koreans soldiers were outnumbered and outgunned and retreated further south. North Korean Air Force bombed Kimpo Airport in Seoul and by June 28th, they had occupied Seoul

On July 5th 1950 American Task Force Smith which was a larger part of US Army’s 24th Infantry Division  which was based in Japan fought for the first in Osan, suffering a heavy defeat. The northern army pressed on and by August, U.S. soldiers and the South Korean forces had been pushed back around the City of Pusan

In what marked the escalation of the war, the allied forces fought the Battle of Pusan Perimeter. This denied the North Korean forces from capturing Pusan. When the allied forces were confined in Pusan, they sought the US air forces which flied about 40 sorties every day. This came with the strategic bombers including B-29s which destroyed all rail and roads cutting off vital supplies to the Northern Forces.

By cutting off the vital supply, North Korea forces found themselves with weak logistical supplies and strategy moving from the Pusan perimeter. UN commander, General MacArthur called for the Amphibious landing at Incheon behind the North Korean forces. The X corps which was under General Edward Almond waged guerilla war backed by intensive shelling at Incheon recapturing Seoul

In October, UN troops continued with their offensive driving the North Korean forces behind the 38th Parallel with the US X corps making an amphibious landing in Wonsan and Iown. The South Korean forces advanced by land and with the help of the US army, they capture Pyongyang on 19th October The Northern army was fast disintegrating towards the end of October and UN forces capture around 135,000 war prisoners.

On 8th October 1950 just before the American troops crossed over the 38th Parallel, China chairman Mao Zedong had order for as semblance of Chinese People’s Volunteer Army to be stationed at Yalu River to avoid crossing over of UN troops. Denied air support by the Soviet Union, Chinese soldiers made their first contact with American troops on November 1st 1950 with thousands attacking from the North, northwest and from the west scattering the US and South Korean soldiers using a superior march and bivouac discipline

By late November, Chinese soldiers moving in three divisions marched on foot and reached Chongcond River. This resulted to the longest historical retreat of the US armies. However between 26th and 30th the US Eighth army held Chinese onslaught for 3-4 days at Kanuri helping the army to escape. In the battle of Chosin Reservoir cines surrounded about 30,000 US 7th Infantry Division and US Marine Corps which escaped with more than 15,000 casualties and heavy causalities on the Chinese division

In December 1950 –UN forces raced southwards forming defensive perimeter on Hungnam city port pushed by the might Chinese forces southwards. This helped them to carry out a major evacuation of military equipments, soldiers, civilians and supplies shipped to Pusan. In the process 193 shipload of American soldiers, 105,000 soldiers, 98,000 American and other civilians, and about 350,000 tons of supplies

In conclusion we have seen that Korean War was one of the events that market cold war atrocities between US and the communism block but which was fought outside their home territory. In the early months of the conflict, North Korean forces overpowered South Korean forces since they were well equipped and well prepared. The entry of America re-energized the southern forces that drove back the Northern forces. China entered into the conflict fearing advance of allied forces to Chinese territory. Entry of china marked a turning point in the war and the allied forces retreated eventually evacuation from the region.